What are Exosomes?

• Vesicles derived from cells carrying various biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which are able to communicate with adjacent or distant cells.

• Recent studies have shown that endogenous exosomes (born within the body) are crucial in shaping the physiological and pathological development of the skin.

• They can be derived from various sources: human, animal or plants.

• Unlike animal cells, plants have cell walls as well as cell membranes.

• Numerous extracellular vesicles or nanoparticles are accumulated in the space formed between the cell wall and the cell membrane, as well as the movement of nutrients and moisture. This is called exosome and critically contributes to the plant's ability to defend against pathogen attack on the surface of plant cells.